Vercel deploy not support esm builder?

Project Context:
I’m implementing a custom Vercel builder (esm with type:module) for Quasar Framework whit SSR mode.

Current Behavior:
While vercel dev works correctly during local testing, executing vercel deploy produces the following ES module error:

Error: Importing "vercel-quasar": require() of ES Module 
/vercel/path1/.vercel/builders/node_modules/vercel-quasar/dist/index.js 
from /var/task/node_modules/vercel/dist/index.js not supported.

Instead change the require of /vercel/path1/.vercel/builders/node_modules/vercel-quasar/dist/index.js 
in /var/task/node_modules/vercel/dist/index.js to a dynamic import() 
which is available in all CommonJS modules.


Key Question:
Why does the deployment environment behave differently from the development environment regarding module resolution?

Reproduction Steps:

git clone https://github.com/dongwa/quasar-ssr-vercel-demo
cd quasar-ssr-vercel-demo
pnpm install
vercel dev  # Works as expected
vercel deploy  # Produces the error

Related Repositories:

Additional Details:

  • Node.js version: v22.14.0
  • vercel version:41.4.1

Would appreciate any insights into resolving this module compatibility issue between development and production environments.